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Acute bronchitis is a common respiratory illness marked by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that transport air to the lungs. It is usually caused by viral infections, particularly those that cause the common cold or flu. Bacterial infections, exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke or air pollution, or inhalation of allergens can all cause acute bronchitis. Symptoms of bronchial tube inflammation include coughing, chest discomfort, and the production of mucus.

Viral infections are the leading cause of acute bronchitis, accounting for the vast majority of cases. Respiratory viruses, including rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and coronavirus, can infect the bronchial tubes, causing inflammation and discomfort. Although uncommon, bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Bordetella pertussis, can induce acute bronchitis.

The symptoms of acute bronchitis usually appear a few days to a week after being exposed to a viral or bacterial disease. Common symptoms include a persistent cough with clear, yellow, or greenish mucus, chest discomfort or tightness, sore throat, low-grade fever, weariness, and minor body aches. While acute bronchitis can cause severe discomfort and impede everyday activities, it normally cures on its own within a few weeks and does not require medical treatment.

Acute bronchitis is often diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history, which includes a review of symptoms and recent exposure to respiratory infections or irritants. Chest X-rays and sputum cultures may be used in some cases to rule out other respiratory disorders, such as pneumonia. However, these tests are not usually required for diagnosis and may not affect the treatment of acute bronchitis in otherwise healthy people.

The treatment for acute bronchitis focuses on alleviating symptoms and boosting the immune system’s ability to fight off the infection. Cough suppressants, expectorants, pain relievers, and fever reducers are all over-the-counter drugs that can aid with symptoms including coughing, chest pain, and fevers. Drinking enough of drinks, getting enough sleep, and using a humidifier or steam inhalation can all help calm the throat and remove mucus.

medicines are generally not indicated for the treatment of acute bronchitis since the ailment is typically caused by viral infections that medicines do not address. Furthermore, abuse of antibiotics might lead to antibiotic resistance and other negative consequences. Antibiotics may be recommended in cases of acute bronchitis caused by bacterial infections, such as pertussis or mycoplasma pneumonia, to decrease the duration of symptoms and lower the risk of complications.

To summarize, acute bronchitis is a common respiratory illness marked by inflammation of the bronchial airways, which is usually caused by viral infections. While acute bronchitis can be uncomfortable and inconvenient, it usually resolves on its own after a few weeks of supportive care and symptomatic treatment. Individuals can lower their risk of acute bronchitis and improve their respiratory health by practicing excellent hygiene, limiting exposure to respiratory infections and irritants, and getting medical care as needed.

References:

1.American Lung Association. (2022). Acute Bronchitis. Retrieved from https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/acute-bronchitis

2.Mayo Clinic. (2022). Acute Bronchitis. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-bronchitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350966